Warehouses must be designed to accommodate the loads of the materials to be stored, the associated handling equipment, the receiving and shipping operations and associated trucking, and the needs of the operating personnel. The design of the warehouse space should be planned to best accommodate business service requirements and the products to be stored/handled. The economics of modern commercial warehouses dictate that goods are processed in minimal turnaround time. The different types of warehouses include: Heated and unheated general warehouses—provide space for bulk, rack, and bin storage, aisle space, receiving and shipping space, packing and crating space, and office and toilet space; Refrigerated warehouses—preserve the quality of perishable goods and general supply materials that require refrigeration. Includes freeze and chill space, processing facilities, and mechanical areas; and. Controlled humidity (CH) warehouses—similar to general warehouses except that they are constructed with vapor barriers and contain humidity control equipment to maintain humidity at desired levels. Special- designed warehouses meeting strict requirements can also provide liquid storage (fuel and nonpropellants), flammable and combustible storage, radioactive material storage, hazardous chemical storage, and ammunition storage.
Features already now common in warehouse designs are higher bays, sophisticated materials- handling equipment, broadband connectivity access, and more distribution networks. A wide range of storage alternatives, picking alternatives, material handling equipment and software exist to meet the physical and operational requirements of the warehouse. Warehouse spaces must also be flexible to accommodate future operations and storage needs as well as mission changes. Building Attributes. Being utilitarian facilities, warehouse designers should focus on making the warehouse spaces functional and efficient, while providing a safe and comfortable environment for the workers to increase productivity and control, reduce operating costs, and improve customer service.
Even warehouses have to maintain a corporate image and provide for worker satisfaction. Types of Spaces. Depending on the program of the warehouse being designed, space types may vary dramatically. B. Space Configurations. Warehouses should: Be designed based on current and future needs. Warehouse space should be easily adapted to new functions such as office (on ground or upper levels), computer centers, or light industrial/fabrication. Accommodate need for future loading docks, truck space, and car parking spaces if space configuration changes through effective site design. Address material handling technologies and business practice, such as .
Businesses will often use different methods of storage handling simultaneously for different products. Be planned to accommodate loads of stored materials as well as associated handling equipment. Snow, wind, and seismic loads shall be considered where they are applicable.
Ii The Graduate School University of Wisconsin-Stout Menomonie, WI 54751 ABSTRACT Vetencourt Rolando J (Writer)(Last Name) (First) (Initial) RE-DESIGN WAREHOUSE PLANT LAYOUT FOR A FOOD COMPANY (Title). The world's leading warehouse design tool. Skip navigation Upload. CLASS Warehouse Layout and Simulation. Warehouse Layout & Material Flow Planning. Ten steps for efficient Master Planning and Warehouse Layout Design Natasa Koumpourelou Senior Consultant Planning SA. Sample Warehouse Layouts - Index. W hat could a great new warehouse layout do for YOU? Sample warehouse layouts - #7 - Design to integrate two new companies products into an addition to an existing warehouse. Warehouse Layout and Design A warehouse is a warehouse. It’s a big box in which you store inventory. Well, today’s warehouse isn’t the warehouse that it was twenty years ago and it. Warehouse Layout and Design.
Warehouse Layout & Design : Transactions. Navy's comprehensive 'Warehouse Modernization and Layout Planning Guide', both written by The Sims Consulting Group, a Strategos-International affiliate.
Racking in seismic areas must be built stronger and be better braced. Wind uplift can cause great damage to roofs and metal roof copings at the roof edge. Building codes recognize that wind velocity is greater across open areas, typical for warehouse zones. Wind- driven rain can easily penetrate the vast surface areas of the warehouse walls.
Design walls to permit any infiltrating water to evaporate harmlessly without collecting in the wall cavities or damaging stored product. Proper floor types are an important consideration in the design. General warehouse space should be floored with a concrete slab to carry wheel loads and withstand the abrasion generated by the continual use of hard rubber and steel- wheeled forklift trucks.
Consider adding hardeners and dustproofers to protect the concrete. Consider using epoxy coating on concrete floors near battery charging areas. Floor flatness and levelness requirements are critical, especially for high ceilinged space and safe operation of high- lifting equipment. Adequate space must be provided on- site for truck maneuvering, truck storage if the business owns a fleet, car parking for employees and future office space/population expansion (which might be driven by higher rent for center- city office space), and landscaped areas.
Be designed to ensure that no structural member will interfere with the spacing of rail car doors or truck berths at dock spaces. Dock heights on the truck side of the terminal should be approximately 4'- 4. Dock heights on the rail side of the terminal should be approximately 3'- 9.
Dock widths and areas inside exterior doors leading to dock space must be planned for maneuverability of forklift trucks and other expected types of material handling equipment. Consider using a non- slip finish on the concrete floor near loading areas for safety. Be designed with passive solar concepts, solar geometry, and building load requirements in mind. Possess light colored roof to reflect a large percentage of solar radiation, reducing HVAC loads, and energy consumption. First cost is also reduced, due to the smaller plant size required. When a large roof area is anticipated, this effect can be significant, especially for temperature controlled warehouses.
Greater heat reflection will increase wroker productivity in the summer. Be planned with interior dock space in colder climates to reduce energy consumption and provide more tolerable winter working conditions for dock workers. Use ceiling mounted fans to reduce heat stratification and provide air movement, thus increasing worker comfort in both summer and winter. Mount fans above highest forklift level for worker safety. Consider specifying white painted metal roof decking, thereby increasing ceiling surface reflectivity, lighting efficiency, and worker comfort without any added energy cost.
Use energy- efficient fixtures, systems, and appliances, e. Address the traditional life- safety and health concerns common to all buildings, including measures to prevent occupational injuries and illnesses (work- related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD), trips, falls, etc.), ensure electrical safety, and eliminate exposure to hazardous materials.
The following operations have historically contributed to significant numbers of warehouse injuries and are considered to be the most hazardous: docks, powered industrial trucks, conveyors, materials storage, manual lifting/handling, roof ladders and hatches, and charging stations. Other serious operational safety problems include inadequate fire safety provisions, improper blocking of exits and egress paths, chemical exposure, improper use of lockout procedures, lack of ergonomics, and failure to wear personal protective equipment. Incorporate proper signage to clearly warn of hazards or to direct personnel to take precaution. The specific strategy for the warehouses signs must be determined early in the facility design process.
Possess non- slip surface treatments on floors subject to wetting, such as outdoor docks, to eliminate slips and falls to personnel. Be designed with fire sprinkler systems engineered to cover the specific commodity classification in the specific storage configuration for the planned warehouse.
The adequacy of the sprinkler system must be evaluated when changes occur that can increase the hazard classification, such as introducing a new product line, using a different packaging material, or changing from wood pallets to plastic pallets. Include appropriate security systems incorporated into the overall warehouse design. Provide proper ventilation under all circumstances. Provide local exhaust for restrooms, kitchens, janitor's closets, copy rooms, battery- charging areas, etc. Consider installing CO2 sensors to provide real time monitoring of air quality. Integrate daylighting with the electric lighting system.
Allow for natural lighting where possible. Provide lighting controls that turn off lights when sufficient daylight exists. Consider dimming controls that continuously adjust lighting levels to respond to daylight conditions. Consider the different natural lighting designs for warehouses. Minimize HVAC system noise in occupied space. Use furnishings, chairs, and equipment that are ergonomically designed and approved for that use.
Design equipment and furnishings reflective of healthy work practices in an effort to eliminate repetitive motions as well as prevent strains and sprains. Strive to create a 'sense of place' such that the warehouse has a unique character that engenders a sense of pride, purpose, and dedication for individual workers and the workplace community. G. Example Design and Construction Criteria. For GSA, the unit costs for this building type are based on the construction quality and design features in the following table(PDF 1. KB, 1. 4 pgs). This information is based on GSA's benchmark interpretation and could be different for other owners. Emerging Issues. Examples of natural lighting designs for warehouse structures.
Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/RS) are reshaping the ways in which goods and services are manufactured, stored, and distributed. AS/RS have become a means to control and immediately report the movement of material, providing a critical link in the chain of information systems that control work- in- process, manufacturing schedules, and distribution.
AS/RS warehouses are designed for maximum storage and minimum personnel on site. They are built for lower temperature operation with minimal heat and light needed, but require a tall structure with super level floors. In the private sector, competition, technology and e- commerce are forcing distributors to look for ways to move larger quantities of their products more quickly and efficiently to the consumer.
Clustering distribution centers in a single geographic area is among the new trends.